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Cyberbullying: how to recognise it and help your child

Online safety

7 min read

Short answer

If you suspect cyberbullying, begin by listening and understanding the concrete events. Discuss what support your child needs, preserve necessary information carefully and involve the appropriate school or adults. Do not wait for a perfect label before helping, and do not promise that blocking an account will solve everything.

A child may not immediately explain what happens online. They may feel embarrassed or fear losing all digital contact. Make it clear that the first conversation is about help, even when they have made a mistake themselves.

What changes might prompt a conversation?

Perhaps your child avoids opening a group, withdraws from an activity or seems upset after a message. These changes can have different causes. Use them as a reason for an open question, not proof that you already know the explanation.

“I notice that group seems to be worrying you; would you like to tell me about it?” begins with an observation. Your child does not need to provide a complete account immediately. Ask which moment is hardest and what they need now.

Look at connections with school, sport or other groups too. Online and offline events may overlap. A message sent after school does not automatically make school support irrelevant.

Avoid beginning with an argument over whether it is “real bullying” or “only a joke”. Ask what was done, what followed and what effects it has. A situation can need protection before everyone agrees on the definition.

How should you respond when your child tells you?

Thank them for telling you and let the account come first. Do not immediately ask why they joined the group or posted a particular photo. Those questions may matter later, but they should not overshadow the initial request for help.

Be honest about what you can promise. You can seek support together, but cannot guarantee every copy will vanish immediately. Avoid promising absolute secrecy when safety may require involving another adult.

Ask what next step your child imagines. You may not be able to follow every preference if the situation is serious. Explain what you intend to do and why rather than unexpectedly taking action around them.

UNICEF advises parents to remain calm, validate the experience and work towards next steps together. Its guide to conversations about cyberbullying supports that approach. It does not replace assessment of a specific threat.

What information is useful to preserve?

Record what happened, when and on which service. For ordinary insulting text, relevant message information may help explain the incident. You do not need to collect complete private conversations involving other children.

Do not circulate material in a parent group to gather supporters. That can spread the harmful content further. Share only what is necessary with the person or organisation actually helping.

Intimate images of minors require particular care. Do not download or forward them as ordinary evidence attachments. Ask specialist support, such as Child Focus or the police in Belgium, how to report safely.

Keeping useful information does not require your child to look at it repeatedly. Agree who will manage the necessary material and how an appropriate recipient can receive it safely. Protecting the account and the child's privacy is part of the response.

Which first steps can you organise?

This checklist helps divide responsibilities. Adapt it to the incident; seek competent help immediately if there is direct danger.

Area Question Possible action
Immediate support What does your child need now? Make a trusted person available
Event What is actually known? Prepare a brief factual note
Information What must be preserved carefully? Gather only necessary details
Platform Which report or restriction fits? Check official reporting and blocking options
Support Which school or group is involved? Agree a named contact
Follow-up When will you check whether it continues? Set a specific update point

Reporting and blocking may be useful steps. They do not guarantee that behaviour stops through other accounts or offline. Keep daily wellbeing and follow-up separate from whether a report has been submitted.

How do you involve school or other adults?

Choose a clear contact and explain the known facts. Ask which approach is possible and how your child will be involved. The first conversation does not need to become a confrontation between all the families.

Agree who does what and when you will hear from one another again. Ask how your child can safely report that the behaviour continues. An initial meeting without follow-up leaves the effect of support uncertain.

In Flanders, ask the school about its student support team and the CLB, the student guidance centre. If communication in Dutch is difficult, ask beforehand what language support is available. Your child should not have to manage all communication about a difficult incident alone.

Avoid publicly confronting another child or sending hostile messages in response. That can create further harm and confusion. Discuss possible contacts with the appropriate adults while keeping protection at the centre.

Should you take the phone away?

Ask which contacts provide support. A complete shutdown can remove those connections too. A targeted restriction and an agreed break from screens may have a different effect from making all communication unavailable.

If a safety step is necessary, explain its purpose. Do not automatically turn the incident into punishment for the person asking for help. You want a future problem to be tellable as well.

For broader preparation, see social media age and readiness. A birthday or setting does not prevent every possible incident. Remain available for experiences after an account is opened.

What if your child witnessed or joined in?

Ask what they saw and did. Liking, forwarding or remaining silent in a group can be part of the situation. Describe the behaviour that must change instead of fixing an identity onto the child.

Discuss ways to seek help without spreading the harmful content. Your child does not need to stage a public confrontation alone. A trusted adult can help identify an appropriate action.

If your child contributed, take responsibility and repair seriously. Ask school or the adults involved what is needed. A quick apology does not automatically resolve the consequences, and your child may need support to change the behaviour.

Do not make another child's experience a lesson to broadcast publicly. Focus on stopping harm and handling the response through appropriate people. Protecting privacy is relevant whether your child was targeted, witnessed events or participated.

When is additional support needed?

Threats, blackmail, intimate images or direct danger require a focused response. Contact the appropriate organisation, such as Child Focus or the police in Belgium, and follow its advice. A parent chat or an app cannot replace that help.

If emotional or physical difficulties persist, speak to a GP. School and the CLB can also support the educational context. You do not need to prove every part of a definition before your child can be helped.

Keep asking what happens after the first steps. Is the situation safer, are other channels being used, does your child feel heard? The aim is appropriate protection and recovery, not simply a completed report form.

Frequently asked questions

How can I be certain my child is being cyberbullied?

A behaviour change does not prove it. Calmly explore concrete events with your child. You do not need a final label or complete certainty before offering support.

Should I immediately remove all social media?

A general shutdown can also remove supportive contacts. Discuss the protection needed and the connections worth preserving. Serious danger may require an immediate safety step and appropriate professional help.

What if my child sent hurtful messages too?

Stop the harmful behaviour and take its consequences seriously without reducing your child to a fixed label. Discuss support and repair with the adults involved. Retaliatory harassment is not a solution.

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